Chapter 3
Uppers

Overview

Uppers are stimulants that initially increase energy and alertness. Some give an intense rush. They vary from strong stimulants (cocaine and amphetamines) to weaker ones (caffeine and nicotine). Stimulants also include drugs used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), diet pills, and plant stimulants such as khat, betel nut, and yohimbe.

All stimulants can cause severe health problems when they are abused. It is the rapid development of tolerance and the disrupting effect on brain chemistry that encourage abuse. This chapter surveys the various stimulants, their history, effects, and side effects, as well as the social context of their use.